Rich Coast. Delicious Coast. Abundant Coast. However you want to translate Costa Rica into English, it conjures images of palm trees and stunning beaches and lush interior rainforest. And parrots. Lots and lots of parrots. I have a friend who spends a month down there every winter, and who can blame him?

But there’s quite

Ordinarily, a how-to guide like this would lay out methodology for the application of the Hague Service Convention. But Panama isn’t party to the Hague Service Convention, so that idea goes out the window. This is at once a blessing and a curse.

It’s a blessing

… because you aren’t tied to a method

Congratulations. Your USM-94 has arrived and you’ve fulfilled your obligation relative to the Hague Service Convention.

Whether you’re a client who has retained us to file an Article 5 Request on your behalf with a foreign government, or you’ve used the Hague Envoy platform, or you’re one of those intrepid do-it-yourself* practitioners who has decided

(Update, November, 2025: In addition to personal injury suits, the number of anti-trust suits against Novo Nordisk has increased lately as well. Same calculus involved– there’s only one valid way to serve if the company won’t waive. But there are some quirks involved.)

Latest trend in litigation nationwide: Danish pharmaceutical manufacturer Novo Nordisk and its

[Author’s notes: (1) Although this post focuses mainly on entity defendants, we encounter the same problem with individual defendants. Individuals are simply harder to ascertain and locate, just like on this side of the Pacific. And (2) an update a year following publication of this post: not only does the research suggested here help to